基本命令
2024/1/25大约 7 分钟约 1963 字
帮助命令
systemctl start docker # 启动docker
systemctl stop docker # 关闭docker
systemctl restart docker # 重启docker
systemctl enable docker # docker设置随服务启动而自启动
systemctl status docker # 查看docker 运行状态docker version # 显示docker版本信息
docker info # 显示docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器数
docker --help # 显示帮助信息
docker COMMAND --help # 显示命令的帮助信息
# 例如：
docker images --help
docker container --help帮助命令地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
镜像的基本命令
docker images
作用：显示本地主机上的镜像
# docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
ubuntu@root:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
neosmemo/memos 0.18.2 80a11a64ffad 8 days ago 61.1MB
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager 2.10.4 27b3e4961f08 2 weeks ago 843MB
shuiche/mind-map latest 4b4390822c54 2 months ago 25.5MB解释：REPOSITORY：镜像的仓库源TAG：镜像的标签IMAGE ID：镜像的 IDCREATED：镜像的创建时间SIZE：镜像的大小
可选项：-a, --all：列出所有镜像-q, --quiet：只显示镜像的 ID
docker search
作用：搜索 Docker Hub 中的镜像
# docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
docker search nginx # 搜索nginx镜像
docker search nginx --filter=STARS=500 # 搜索STARS大于500的nginx镜像（过滤）docker pull
作用：从镜像仓库下载镜像
# docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
docker pull nginx # 下载nginx镜像
docker pull nginx:latest # 下载nginx最新的镜像
# 例如
root@learn ~ % docker pull neosmemo/memos
Using default tag: latest # 不写tag，默认下载最新版
latest: Pulling from neosmemo/memos
c30352492317: Already exists # 分层下载（存在即共用）
d8ae814ab1c6: Pull complete
3fb4c2928579: Pull complete
53656755af84: Pull complete
ebf1d6d6b0e4: Pull complete
6a2cef4ab53d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:84fe8465d1ec9ab729a37a7c6b93fd8efa1f1d190ed08dcc4a0b53f43530d64e
Status: Downloaded newer image for neosmemo/memos:latest
docker.io/neosmemo/memos:latest # 真实地址docker rmi
作用：删除镜像
# docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
docker rmi -f images_id # 强制删除指定镜像
docker rmi -f images_id, images_id, images_id # 强制删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f images_name:tag # 删除指定标签镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有镜像
# 例如
root@learn ~ % docker rmi neosmemo/memos
Untagged: neosmemo/memos:latest
Untagged: neosmemo/memos@sha256:84fe8465d1ec9ab729a37a7c6b93fd8efa1f1d190ed08dcc4a0b53f43530d64e
Deleted: sha256:30b4d6be60366d1fe75b3f091d9cd973c18e92da49e9d2967bb30b30ba89e19a
Deleted: sha256:03adeca7d9a71bde2730b239dfc8511d7f64b8b6462e06531d48f614bc8aea0e
Deleted: sha256:230df41bf772b3df3bbcb80bda3049b66425bd273d71a2d5bd114ff645b0ebe4
Deleted: sha256:93b49e860ee0767578592c72f8b4fb3de89831fefb2fd0fd2d3b7fd882492fb0
Deleted: sha256:0666208f764a4e2e1a7b2d5fe8993a1e1049097ab0a83fb8d6dc4aa185c31de4
Deleted: sha256:f1f76bf1c651aeb5f83266c1b08917bca0f58d0723a6630b4e1ac476d6145db8容器的基本命令
docker run
作用：创建并启动一个容器
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]参数说明：--name="container_name"：容器名字-d：后台运行-it：使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容-p：指定容器的端口-P：随机指定端口-v：将我们主机的目录与容器内的目录进行映射-e：设置环境变量--network="host"：将我们容器连接到主机上--network="bridge"：桥接网络
docker ps
作用：查看当前所有运行的容器
docker ps [OPTIONS]参数说明：-a：显示所有的容器，包括未运行的-l：显示最近创建的容器-n：显示最近 n 个创建的容器--no-trunc：不截断输出-q：静默模式，只显示容器编号
docker ps 发现容器停止了
常见的坑：docker 容器后台运行，必须有一个前台进程，否则会自动停止
docker rm
作用：删除一个或多少容器
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器参数说明：-f, --force：强制删除正在运行的容器（使用 SIGKILL）-l, --link：删除指定的链接-v, --volumes：删除与容器关联的匿名卷
docker start
作用：启动容器
docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]docker restart
作用：重启容器
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]docker stop
作用：停止容器
docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器
Ctr + P + Q # 容器不停止退出docker kill
作用：强制停止容器
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]其它命令
docker logs
作用：查看容器日志
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
# 查看容器自2024-01-01之后的最新10条日志
docker logs --since="2024-01-01" --tail=10 nginx参数说明：--details：显示额外的日志详细信息-f, --follow：跟踪日志输出--since string：显示某个开始时间的所有日志(e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z or 42m for 42 minutes)-n, --tail string：仅列出最新 N 条容器日志-t, --timestamps：显示时间戳--until string：显示时间戳或相对时间戳之前的日志
docker top
作用：查看容器中运行的进程
docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
ubuntu@root:~$ docker top a89556ea948b
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 426706 426685 0 Jan19 ? 00:00:41 ./memosdocker inspect
作用：查看容器/镜像的元数据
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]参数说明：-f, --format string：格式化输出（eg: json）-s, --size：如果类型为容器，则显示总文件大小--type string：返回指定类型的 JSON
docker inspect 示例
ubuntu@root:~$ docker inspect 80a11a64ffad
[
{
"Id": "sha256:80a11a64ffadd5f08423a018bdbae1379554c91c31c918bc97a0e00e249c6917",
"RepoTags": [
"neosmemo/memos:0.18.2"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"neosmemo/memos@sha256:84fe8465d1ec9ab729a37a7c6b93fd8efa1f1d190ed08dcc4a0b53f43530d64e"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
"Created": "2024-01-19T10:11:06.768332925Z",
"Container": "",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": null,
"Cmd": null,
"Image": "",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"DockerVersion": "",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"5230/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"TZ=UTC",
"MEMOS_MODE=prod",
"MEMOS_PORT=5230"
],
"Cmd": null,
"Image": "",
"Volumes": {
"/var/opt/memos": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/memos",
"Entrypoint": [
"./memos"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2024-01-19T10:08:39.159Z",
"org.opencontainers.image.description": "An open source, lightweight note-taking service. Easily capture and share your great thoughts.",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "MIT",
"org.opencontainers.image.revision": "ec4884ea04c866e4d74e54854b2e3d1be7f369f6",
"org.opencontainers.image.source": "https://github.com/usememos/memos",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "memos",
"org.opencontainers.image.url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos",
"org.opencontainers.image.version": "0.18.2"
}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 61059980,
"VirtualSize": 61059980,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d7e85c6e128f8b7c78ddc67f519d9c795d79a469ec5864ece25f26205f5e1e87/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6bf575f8568767e585ea5ed0a1d8300c59b202d6c251c596bb7d110f8cd4bc32/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d024069c2b185e68bfcb580f88e8f7e7112273e1c181ee4e7272eab755ef3403/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2a6052a734eec404473d62cb3ec056b9d1d12c8faa45961f19f91b2507198a7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2c88425e76d360adc6e614fe2e37f5b82f87527319b3308f9fbc879c901aebb5/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6c4e8fb99a5112068b3fbddd933fb5c849eaed7b66ba5f6380a94915e089021d/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6c4e8fb99a5112068b3fbddd933fb5c849eaed7b66ba5f6380a94915e089021d/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6c4e8fb99a5112068b3fbddd933fb5c849eaed7b66ba5f6380a94915e089021d/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:5af4f8f59b764c64c6def53f52ada809fe38d528441d08d01c206dfb3fc3b691",
"sha256:dcff3711ebbd22ab6a88e76f7c645866bf96ff9e62861f8c5b04d7773bee3093",
"sha256:ca3b593e3da9624bc9dc4896f98a8e6f74540522b9cf8bb51877686d9bdaaf70",
"sha256:8c755c1a43cdcfe9df8652adfe9d7a3fd970c4265d10b3c65d8c798b8c854407",
"sha256:c47f2324c205a5a03b3e6a99eab4d8c290efd78dc0f4a64f9c8601f31b965bef",
"sha256:b78430cb14fc071ccd7760ce2377ccae9e46c93cb841cbb5ded9881dfc79a02a"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]docker attach
作用：连接到正在运行中的容器
docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINERdocker exec
作用：在运行中的容器中执行命令
docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]示例
ubuntu@root:~$ docker exec -it 185caa2b4f47 /bin/bash
_ _ _ ____ __ __
| \ | | __ _(_)_ __ __ _| _ \ _ __ _____ ___ _| \/ | __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ ___ _ __
| \| |/ _` | | '_ \\ \/ / |_) | '__/ _ \ \/ / | | | |\/| |/ _` | '_ \ / _` |/ _` |/ _ \ '__|
| |\ | (_| | | | | |> <| __/| | | (_) > <| |_| | | | | (_| | | | | (_| | (_| | __/ |
|_| \_|\__, |_|_| |_/_/\_\_| |_| \___/_/\_\\__, |_| |_|\__,_|_| |_|\__,_|\__, |\___|_|
|___/ |___/ |___/
Version 2.10.4 (1c498f8) 2024-01-08 00:21:20 UTC, OpenResty 1.21.4.2, debian 10 (buster), Certbot certbot 2.5.0
Base: debian:buster-slim, linux/amd64
Certbot: jc21/nginx-full:latest, linux/amd64
Node: jc21/nginx-full:certbot, linux/amd64
[root@docker-185caa2b4f47:/app]#docker attach 和 docker exec 的区别
docker exec进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)docker attach进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程(只是附着到容器上)
如果 Docker 容器是使用/bin/bash命令启动的，则可以使用 attach 来访问它，如果不是，则需要在容器内创建一个 bash 实例。
docker cp
作用：命令用于在容器和主机之间复制文件
# 复制文件到主机(docker cp container_id:src_path dest_path)
docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
# 复制文件到容器(docker cp src_path container_id:dest_path)
docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATHdocker cp 示例
# 主机复制文件进容器
ubuntu@root:~$ pwd # 主机路径
/home/ubuntu
ubuntu@root:~$ ls # 当前路径下存在的测试文件
cp_test.txt
ubuntu@root:~$ docker ps # 正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e7c34de37a97 ghcr.io/wg-easy/wg-easy:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 days ago Up 5 days 0.0.0.0:51820->51820/udp, :::51820->51820/udp, 0.0.0.0:51821->51821/tcp, :::51821->51821/tcp WireGuard
ubuntu@root:~$ docker exec -it e7c34de37a97 /bin/bash
3f765b569163:/app# pwd # 容器内路径
/app
3f765b569163:/app# ls # 容器内路径下的文件
config.js lib package-lock.json package.json server.js services tailwind.config.js www
3f765b569163:/app# exit # 退出容器
exit
ubuntu@root:~$ docker cp cp_test.txt e7c34de37a97:/app # 将主机上的测试文件复制到容器内的/app路径下
Successfully copied 1.54kB to e7c34de37a97:/app
ubuntu@root:~$ docker exec -it e7c34de37a97 /bin/bash # 进入容器查看(文件成功复制)
3f765b569163:/app# ls
config.js cp_test.txt lib package-lock.json package.json server.js services tailwind.config.js www
3f765b569163:/app#
# 容器文件复制进主机
ubuntu@root:~$ docker cp e7c34de37a97:/app/server.js /home/ubuntu # 将容器内存在server.js复制到主机
Successfully copied 2.05kB to /home/ubuntu
ubuntu@root:~$ ls # 主机路径下文件查看(成功复制)
cp_test.txt server.js